PHYSICAL LOADS IN ATHLETES AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND THEİR SOLUTİONS
Abstract
Problems with disorders of the digestive system are common in athletes, especially in sports for endurance, often reduce their performance or subsequent recovery. It has been shown that 30-50% of athletes make complaints indicating violations of the gastrointestinal tract during exercise. The main causes of symptoms of damage to the digestive system are physiological, mechanical and nutritional. Appropriate food preparation can reduce the risk of gastrointestinal problems during exercise due to rapid emptying of the stomach, optimal absorption of water and nutrients, maintaining adequate hemocirculation and immune homeostasis. A number of food rations, including the use of transport carbohydrates, stimulants of nitric oxide production in the intestine and improving its hemodynamics, as well as modulating the microflora and strengthening the immune system, is proposed. Evidence of the beneficial effects of such interventions is not enough; more research is needed to thoroughly understand the problem in order to develop practical recommendations for athletes.
References
De Oliveira E.P., Burini R.C., Jeukendrup A. Gastrointestinal complaints during exercise: prevalence, etiology, and nutritional recommendations. Sports Med. 2014, vol. 44, №5, Suppl 1, pp. 79-85.
Stuempfle K.J., Hoffman M.D., Hew-Butler T. Gastrointestinal distress in ultramarathoners is associated with race diet. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013, vol. 23, pp. 103-109.
Pfeiffer B., Stellingwerff T., Hodgson A.B., Randell R., Pöttgen K., Res P., Jeukendrup A.E. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012, vol. 44, №2, pp. 344-351.
Steege R.W., Geelkerken R.H., Huisman A.B., Kolkman J.J. Abdominal symptoms during physical exercise and the role of gastrointestinal ischaemia: a study in 12 symptomatic athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2012, vol. 46, №13, pp. 931-935.
Lamprecht M., Frauwallner A. Exercise, intestinal barrier dysfunction and probiotic supplementation. Med Sport Sci. 2012, vol. 59, pp. 47-56.
Clark A., Mach N. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016, vol.13, № 11, pp. 43-64.
Clarke S.F., Murphy E.F., O'Sullivan O., Lucey A.J., Humphreys M., Hogan A., Hayes P., O'Reilly M., Jeffery I.B., Wood-Martin R., Kerins D.M., Quigley E., Ross R.P., O'Toole P.W., Molloy M.G., Falvey E., Shanahan F., Cotter P.D. Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity. Gut. 2014, vol. 63, № 12, pp. 1913-1920.
Waterman J.J., Kapur R. Upper gastrointestinal issues in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012, vol.11, №2, pp. 99-104.
Rowlands D.S., Swift M., Ros M., Green J.G. Composite versus single transportable carbohydrate solution enhances race and laboratory cycling performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012, vol.37, №3, pp. 425-436.
van Wijck K., Lenaerts K., Grootjans J., Wijnands K.A., Poeze M., van Loon L.J., Dejong C.H., Buurman W.A. Physiology and pathophysiology of splanchnic hypoperfusion and intestinal injury during exercise: strategies for evaluation and prevention. Am J Physiol. 2012, vol. 303, №2, pp. 155-168.
Johnson N.A., van Overbeek D., Chapman P.G., Thompson M.W., Sachinwalla T., George J. Effect of prolonged exercise and pre-exercise dietary manipulation on hepatic triglycerides in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012, vol. 112, №5, pp. 1817-1825.
Van Wijck K., Lenaerts K., Van Bijnen A.A., Boonen B., Van Loon C.H., Buurman W.A. Aggravation of exerciseinduced intestinal injury by Ibuprofen in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012, vol. 44, №12, pp. 2257-2262.
Keywords
digestive system
violations
food preparation физические нагрузки у спортсменов
пищеварительная система
нарушения
пищевая подготовка idmançılarda fiziki yüklər
mədə-bağırsaq sistemi
pozğunluqlar
qida hazırlığı
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- S.C. Babayeva , CAPPA - AS A PREVENTIVE MEASUREMENT FOR ATHLETES 'JAW AND FACE INJURI , Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport: Vol. 2 No. 4 (2020): SCIENTIFIC NEWS OF ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
- E.A. Mukhtarli, K.F. Mammadova, F.N. Nabiyeva, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF SPECIAL PHYSICAL EXERCISES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES WITH SEVENTH-GRADERS , Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2021): SCIENTIFIC NEWS OF ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
- M.A. Babayev, Effective nutrition of athletes - the process of improving the ability to work and recovery as a method of improving effect , Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Scientific News of Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Education and Sport
- S.Ch. Babayeva, M.A. Babayev, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE USE OF DRUGS TO RESTORE THE EFFICIENCY OF ATHLETES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY , Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport: Vol. 5 No. 3 (2023): SCIENTIFIC NEWS OF ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT